Picric acid (PA) is a severe environmental and security risk due to its unstable, toxic, and
explosive properties. It is also challenging to detect in trace amounts and in situ because of …

Nonspecificity and low reproducibility are always the main challenges in surface-enhanced
Raman scattering (SERS) detection, especially for testing real samples. In this study, we …

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has attracted extensive interest due to
excellent molecule recognition and sensitive concentration detection. Nevertheless, the …

The ultratrace detection and quantification of toxins in both water and organic liquids
remains a challenge due to the random spreading and dilution of liquids on substrate-based …

Field, reliable, and ultrasensitive detection of dipicolinic acid (DPA), a general biomarker of
bacterial spores and especially Bacillus anthracis, is highly desirable but still challenging in …

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) analysis of environmental hydrophobic
pollutants without chemical functionalization of a bare nanoparticle (NP) substrate presents …

Collecting highly diluted target analytes into specific hot spot regions is vital for ultrasensitive
surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) applications. In this work, a hydrophobic …

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based capillary system is a promising route
toward fast, real-time, and in-situ detection using a facile sampling process. Here, we …

Picric acid (PA) is an organic substance widely used in industry and military, which poses a
great threat to the environment and security due to its unstable, toxic, and explosive …

An analytical platform with an ultratrace detection limit in the atto-molar (aM) concentration
range is vital for forensic, industrial and environmental sectors that handle scarce/highly …