Heart failure is the major cause of hospitalization, morbidity and mortality worldwide.
Previous experimental and clinical studies have suggested that there is an increased …

Adaptation of the heart to intrinsic and external stress involves complex modifications at the
molecular and cellular levels that lead to tissue remodeling, functional and metabolic …

Dysregulation of nitric oxide (NO) and increased oxidative and nitrosative stress are
implicated in the pathogenesis of heart failure. Peroxynitrite is a reactive oxidant that is …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated by several different cellular sources, and
their accumulation within the myocardium is widely considered to cause harmful oxidative …

Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) occurs as a byproduct of numerous signaling
pathways and mitochondrial respiration; ROS, themselves, are signaling molecules …

Reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are formed when there is an abnormal increase in the level
of nitric oxide (NO) produced by the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and/or by the …

Nitric oxide (NO) plays a crucial role in many aspects of the pathophysiology of heart failure.
NO is a double-edged sword; NO inhibits ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, represses …

Significance: The regulation of myocardial function by constitutive nitric oxide synthases
(NOS) is important for the maintenance of myocardial Ca2+ homeostasis, relaxation and …

Despite advances in treatment, chronic congestive heart failure carries a poor prognosis and
remains a leading cause of cardiovascular death. Accumulating evidence suggests that …

The balance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide, the cell redox state, appears
to be important in the mechanisms of heart failure. This balance has significant impact on …