During every heartbeat, cardiac valves open and close coordinately to control the
unidirectional flow of blood. In this dynamically challenging environment, resident valve cells …

Over the last 20 years, the designs of tissue engineered heart valves have evolved
considerably. An initial focus on replicating the mechanical and structural features of …

The mature heart valves are made up of highly organized extracellular matrix (ECM) and
valve interstitial cells (VICs) surrounded by an endothelial cell layer. The ECM of the valves …

The cells that reside within valve cusps play an integral role in the durability and function of
heart valves. There are principally two types of cells found in cusp tissue: the endothelial …

Heart valves are dynamic structures that open and close during the cardiac cycle to maintain
unidirectional blood flow throughout life. Insufficient valve function, commonly due to …

Background Heart valves are dynamic structures that open and close over 100 000 times a
day to maintain unidirectional blood flow during the cardiac cycle. Function is largely …

Over the past several decades, there has been substantial progress toward understanding
the mechanisms of heart valve function and dysfunction. This review summarizes an …

Heart valves are sophisticated cellularised structures that perform a complex series of
dynamic functions during each cardiac cycle. The endothelial cells (ECs) that cover both …

Conclusion: The study results provided an extensive fingerprint of valve ICs and of MSCs for
the tissue engineering of biological structures and for the manipulation of their desired …

Cardiovascular aging is a physiological process affecting all components of the heart.
Despite the interest and experimental effort lavished on aging of cardiac cells, increasing …