Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD)
frequently occur together and their coexistence is associated with worse outcomes than …

Significant cardiac morbidity and mortality exists in patients with COPD. Shared risk factors
include age, smoking history and exposure to air pollution and passive smoke. Although the …

The combined effects on the heart of smoking and hypoxaemia may contribute to an
increased cardiovascular burden in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The use …

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at increased risk of
cardiovascular disease (CVD) and concomitant disease leads to reduced quality of life …

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are arguably the most important comorbidities in chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). CVDs are common in people with COPD, and their …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality in COPD.
There is a high prevalence of traditional risk factors in this patient group including smoking …

Patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) often have multiple comorbid conditions that
may interact with each other, confound the choice of treatments, and reduce mortality …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and coronary artery disease (CAD) are
global epidemics that incur significant morbidity and mortality. These diseases are frequently …

COPD is one of the major public health problems in people aged 40 years or above. It is
currently the 4th leading cause of death in the world and projected to be the 3rd leading …

The cardiovascular risk of concurrently using long-acting β2-agonists (LABAs) and
anticholinergics (LAMAs) in COPD is uncertain. We assessed the comparative …