Background Antiretroviral therapy has revolutionized HIV treatment, increasing quality and
life expectancy of people living with HIV (PLWH). However, the expansion of treatment has …

Background An improved understanding of the prevalence of low-abundance transmitted
drug-resistance mutations (TDRM) in therapy-naïve HIV-1–infected patients may help …

Introduction Genotypic drug resistance testing is cursrently recommended by the World
Health Organization for all patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV …

Background: Antiretroviral treatment (ART) has grown to be one of the most effective tool in
the fight to control HIV/AIDS morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, due to the …

Background Genotypic resistance testing (GRT) is routinely performed upon diagnosis of
HIV-1 infection or during virological failure using plasma viral RNA. An alternative source for …

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the surveillance of
transmitted drug resistance mutations (TDRMs) to ensure the effectiveness and …

Background: Typically, genotypic resistance testing is recommended at the start of
antiretroviral therapy and is even mandatory in cases of virologic failure. The material of …

Virologic failure may occur because of poor treatment adherence and/or viral drug
resistance mutations (DRM). In Brazil, the northern region exhibits the worst epidemiological …

Background Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is gradually replacing Sanger sequencing
(SS) as the primary method for HIV genotypic resistance testing. However, there are limited …

Background To clarify whether next-generation sequencing (NGS) can be useful for
resistance assessment in virologically suppressed highly treatment-experienced (HTE) …