The etiology of endemic rickets was discovered a century ago. Vitamin D is the precursor of
25-hydroxyvitamin D and other metabolites, including 1, 25 (OH) 2D, the ligand for the …

Significant controversy has emerged over the last decade concerning the effects of vitamin D
on skeletal and nonskeletal tissues. The demonstration that the vitamin D receptor is …

The aim of this study is to determine and critically evaluate the plausible relationships of
vitamin D with extra-skeletal tissues in humans. Severe vitamin D deficiency results in rickets …

The incidence of vitamin D deficiency is rising worldwide, yet in the vast majority of patients,
the condition remains undiagnosed and untreated. Current evidence overwhelmingly …

Background: Inadequate serum vitamin D is associated with secondary
hyperparathyroidism, increased bone turnover, and bone loss, which increase fracture risk …

There has been increasing interest in the potential ben-efits of vitamin D. Much of the
stimulus came from meta-analysis of vitamin D and calcium in osteoporotic fracture studies …

Osteoporosis is associated with increased morbidity, mortality and significant economic and
health costs. Vitamin D is a secosteriod hormone essential for calcium absorption and bone …

The vitamin D receptor is expressed in multiple cells of the body (other than osteoblasts),
including beta cells and cells involved in immune modulation (such as mononuclear cells …

In recent years, vitamin D has received increased attention due to the resurgence of vitamin
D deficiency and rickets in developed countries together with the identification of …

Introduction Optimal vitamin D status promotes skeletal health and is recommended with
specific treatment in individuals at high risk for fragility fractures. A growing body of literature …