Abstract Introduction Frailty Index (FI) is a common measure of frailty, which has been
advocated as a routine clinical test by many guidelines. The genetic and phenotypic …

Background Previous epidemiological evidence has suggested that frailty status might be
associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, the exact causality remains …

Background and aim Observational studies have suggested a relationship between frailty
and cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the causality is still uncertain. We used bidirectional …

Background Frailty is strongly associated with cardiometabolic diseases in observational
studies. However, whether the observed association reflects causality requires clarification …

Background Early identification of modifiable risk factors is essential for the prevention of
frailty. This study aimed to explore the causal relationships between a spectrum of …

Objective Evidence is limited regarding the impact of frailty phenotype with cardiovascular
disease (CVD) among younger people and life expectancy. Methods The present study …

Background Numerous observational studies have reported an association between frailty
and atherosclerosis. However, the causal relationship between frailty and the occurrence of …

Frailty is a common geriatric syndrome and strongly associated with disability, mortality and
hospitalization. Frailty is commonly measured using the frailty index (FI), based on the …

Evidence for the association between the frailty index and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is
inconclusive, and this association has not been evaluated in Chinese adults. We aim to …

Purpose Frailty, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and dyslipidemia are highly prevalent in middle-aged
and elderly populations. However, evidence on the longitudinal association of frailty with …