This Update reviews developments in the pathophysiology and treatment of Parkinson
disease during the past several years. In the area of pathophysiology, studies have …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder pathologically distinguished by
degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Muscle …

The development of a neuroprotective therapy that slows, stops, or reverses
neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD) is the single most important unresolved …

Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease that causes the death of dopaminergic
neurons in the substantia nigra. The resulting dopamine deficiency in the basal ganglia …

Since the 1960's treatments for Parkinson's disease (PD) have traditionally been directed to
restore or replace dopamine, with L-Dopa being the gold standard. However, chronic L …

Currently, there is no proven neuroprotective or neurorestorative therapy for Parkinson's
disease (PD). Several advances in the genetics of PD have created an opportunity to …

In people with Parkinson's disease, neuropsychiatric signs and symptoms are common
throughout the disease course. These symptoms can be disabling and as clinically relevant …