Apelin, as the endogenous ligand of the APJ receptor, is a novel identified neuropeptide
whose biological functions are not fully understood. APJ receptor mRNA was found in …

The effect of apelin-13 on pain modulation at the supraspinal level was investigated in mice
using the tail immersion test. Intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of apelin-13 (0.3 …

Apelin was identified as natural ligand for APJ, a G protein-coupled receptor. APJ is
expressed in spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion. This study was designed to investigate …

Pain represents a major contributing factor to the individual's quality of life. Although pain
killers as opioids, endogenous or exogenous peptides can decrease pain perception, the …

Apelin is an endogenous neuropeptide, which has wide distribution in central nervous
system and peripheral tissues. Pyroglutamyl apelin-13 [(pyr) apelin-13] is the major apelin …

Objective: Apelin-13 is an endogenous peptide with potential analgesic action, although the
sites of its analgesic effects remain uncertain and the results are even controversial with …

Apelin is hypothesized to serve a dual function in pain processing. Spinal administration of
apelin induces hyperalgesia, while opioid receptors are implicated in the antinociceptive …

Apelin is an endogenous ligand for apelin receptor (APJ) with analgesic effect on visceral,
analgesic and proanalgesic influences on acute pains in animal models. The purpose of this …

Apelin is the endogenous ligand for APJ, a G-protein-coupled receptor. Apelin gene and
protein are widely distributed in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. The role …

Apelin is a novel bioactive peptide as the endogenous ligand for the orphan G-protein-
coupled receptor (GPCR), APJ, a receptor distributed in various tissues such as the …