Rationale: Despite 4 decades of intense effort and substantial financial investment, the
cardioprotection field has failed to deliver a single drug that effectively reduces myocardial …

An estimated 935 000 Americans suffer a myocardial infarction every year; because their
prognosis is determined by the size of the infarct, reducing infarct size is of paramount …

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and the heart failure (HF) which may follow are among the
leading causes of death and disability worldwide. As such, new therapeutic interventions are …

Despite thousands of publications describing agents that limit infarct size in animals, all we
have available today is reperfusion therapy. In this review, we examine why these drugs …

The translation from mechanistic, more reductionist basic science research to clinical
outcome studies is not a linear, rational process but fraught with many surprises such that …

The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute convened a Workshop on September 20-21,
2010,“New Horizons in Cardioprotection,” to identify future research directions for …

The potential for ischemic preconditioning to reduce infarct size was first recognized more
than 30 years ago [180]. Despite extension of the concept to ischemic postcondition‑ing …

The translation from numerous successful animal experiments on cardioprotection beyond
that by reperfusion to clinical practice has to date been disappointing. Animal experiments …

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Novel
cardioprotective strategies are therefore required to improve clinical outcomes in patients …

Over the past 30 years, hundreds of experimental interventions (both pharmacologic and
nonpharmacologic) have been reported to protect the ischemic myocardium in experimental …