Study Design. A biomechanical and imaging study of human cadaveric spinal motion
segments. Objective. To investigate the effect of both disc degeneration and facet joint …

Degenerative processes in the disc and facet joints affect the stability of the motion segment.
The exact relations among disc degeneration, facet joint osteoarthritis, and the kinematics of …

Study Design. The kinematic study of human lumbar spinal movements. Objective. To
investigate how disc degeneration and the degeneration of facet joint, ligaments, and …

This paper reviews both the normal biomechanical behavior of the lumbar motion segment
and changes in that behavior with disc degeneration. Each level of the spine consists of a …

Study Design. Controlled laboratory study. Objective. To measure the range of motion of
lumbar facet (zygapophyseal) joints in vivo during various functional weight-bearing …

Background context: A relationship between degenerative changes of the intervertebral disc
and biomechanical functions of the lumbar spine has been suggested. However, the exact …

Degenerative instability affecting the functional spinal unit is discussed as a cause of
symptoms. The value of imaging signs for assessing the resulting functional impairment is …

The objective of this study is to examine the effect of the facet geometry on the axial torque-
rotation response of lumbar motion segments. The three-dimensional facet geometry of 35 …

The spine has several important functions including load transmission, permission of limited
motion, and protection of the spinal cord. The vertebrae form functional spinal units, which …

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between facet joint osteoarthritis
and disc degeneration in subjects in whom both MRI and CT scans had been obtained. The …