Mucosal surfaces are lined by epithelial cells. These cells establish a barrier between
sometimes hostile external environments and the internal milieu. However, mucosae are …

In the intestine, multiple interactions occur with the external world. Thus, the intestinal
mucosal barrier has to tolerate millions of microorganisms that commonly inhabit the gut …

The gut mucosa is constantly challenged by a bombardment of foreign antigens and
environmental microorganisms. As such, the precise regulation of the intestinal barrier …

The intestinal immune system has to discriminate between harmful and beneficial antigens.
Although strong protective immunity is essential to prevent invasion by pathogens …

The intestinal epithelium is a single-cell layer that constitutes the largest and most important
barrier against the external environment. It acts as a selectively permeable barrier …

The immune system faces a considerable challenge in its efforts to maintain tissue
homeostasis in the intestinal mucosa. It is constantly confronted with a large array of …

Immune privilege in the gut is the result of a complex interplay between the gut microbiome,
gut luminal antigens, and the intestinal epithelial barrier. Composed of both physical and …

Intestinal mucosal barrier function is the capacity of the intestine to provide adequate
containment of luminal microorganisms and molecules while preserving the ability to absorb …

The gastrointestinal tract is the largest immune interface with the environment. Exposure to
large numbers of dietary and microbial antigens requires complex and highly regulated …

Background The intestine is inhabited by a tremendous number of microorganisms, which
provide many benefits to nutrition, metabolism and immunity. Mucosal barriers by intestinal …