Background The expression of immune checkpoint receptors (ICRs) on tumor-infiltrating
lymphocytes (TILs) is associated with better response to immunotherapies via immune …

High expression of immune checkpoint receptors (ICRs) in the tumor microenvironment
regulates the anti-tumor response. In this study, the differential expressions of ICRs on tumor …

Background The status of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is a prognostic factor for triple
negative breast cancer (TNBC). Recent studies have shown that programmed cell death 1 …

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are predominantly present in breast cancer patients
with estrogen receptor negative tumors, among whom increasing levels correlate with …

Background While combinations of immune checkpoint (ICP) inhibitors and neo-adjuvant
chemotherapy (NAC) have begun testing in patients with breast cancer (BC), the effects of …

There is an exponentially growing interest in targeting immune checkpoint molecules in
breast cancer (BC), particularly in the triple-negative subtype where unmet treatment needs …

Purpose: T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 3 (TIM-3) is an
emerging immune response molecule related to T-cell anergy. There has been tremendous …

Background T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT) interacts with poliovirus
receptor (PVR) to contribute to cancer immune escape. Recently, TIGIT and PVR have been …

Purpose In this study, we aimed to evaluate lymphocyte-activation gene-3 (LAG-3)
expression and its prognostic value in neoadjuvant-treated triple-negative breast cancer …

Background The immune microenvironment (IME) of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs)
and its modulation by neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) remain to be fully characterized …