Hypoxia is characterized as insufficient oxygen delivery to tissues and cells in the body and
is prevalent in many human physiology processes and diseases. Thus, it is an attractive …

The extensive oxygen gradient between the air we breathe (Po2~ 21 kPa) and its ultimate
distribution within mitochondria (as low as~ 0.5–1 kPa) is testament to the efforts expended …

Most conventional incubators used in cell culture do not regulate O2 levels, making the
headspace O2 concentration~ 18%. In contrast, most human tissues are exposed to 2–6 …

Regenerative medicine relies on harnessing the capacity of stem cells to grow, divide and
differentiate safely and predictably. This may be in the context of expanding stem cells in …

Molecular oxygen is one of the most important variables in modern cell culture systems.
Fluctuations in its concentration can affect cell growth, differentiation, signaling, and free …

Although O2 concentrations are considerably lowered in vivo, depending on the tissue and
cell population in question (some cells need almost anoxic environment for their …

Soon after its discovery in the 18th century, oxygen was applied as a therapeutic agent to
treat severely ill patients. Lack of oxygen, commonly termed as hypoxia, is frequently …

Cell culture typically employs inexpensive, disposable plasticware, and standard humidified
CO2/room air incubators (5% CO2,∼ 20% oxygen). These methods have historically proven …

Mammalian cell culture represents a cornerstone of modern biomedical research. There is
growing appreciation that the media conditions in which cells are cultured can profoundly …

The current clinical successes of tissue engineering are limited primarily to low‐metabolism,
acellular, pre‐vascularized or thin tissues. Mass transport has been identified as the primary …