The understanding of natural ventilation in super-long tunnels can help to optimize the
design of ventilation systems and reduce energy consumption and maintenance costs. This …

Natural wind can be applied to the optimal design of extra-long highway tunnel ventilation
systems for energy saving. The main objective of this paper is to study the values of the wind …

Saving energy is a major challenge for the development and safety of the world.
Researchers at home and abroad have been continuously working on energy saving …

Green and renewable, wind is one of the major ways to produce power. However, natural
wind used for tunnel ventilation is often neglected. Natural wind is usually regarded as …

Natural ventilation with vertical shafts uses less energy and occupies less space in a tunnel,
compared to mechanical ventilation. Therefore, this natural ventilation mode has been …

Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations are performed to study the smoke and heat
exhaust performance of natural venting system with different shaft forms. Based on the mass …

Forced ventilation and recirculation systems are usually used in the construction of long twin
tunnels as they offer large amounts of fresh air economically. However, because of the …

Investigation of natural ventilation using shafts in tunnels has been receiving more
attentions, however, analyses on how shaft dimension and amount influence the natural …

Natural ventilation plays an important role in reducing air pollution caused by idle
automobile exhaust in traffic-blocking city tunnels, especially in sloping ones. In order to …

As the length of road tunnels increases, it becomes very difficult not only to eliminate
contaminants within the tunnel but also to control emergency situations like fires. This …