Introduction: Laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation after the induction of anaesthesia, are
nearly always associated with sympathetic hyperactivity. To 'blunt'this pressor response …

Background: The present study was designed to compare the effect of intravenous fentanyl
and esmolol for the attenuation of hemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy and intubation …

Methods Seventy five ASA I and II status normotensive patients scheduled for elective
surgical procedures were selected randomly and divided into three groups of 25 each. All …

Background: This study was conducted to determine an effective bolus dose of fentanyl,
which would attenuate the cardiovascular response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation …

Materials and Methods: Ninety female patients belonging to American Society of
Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I, II, and III in age group 25-65 years, body mass …

Background: Laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation induce potentially harmful hemodynamic
response. None of the advocated methods had been accepted as the most effective option …

To determine the efficacy of Nalbuphine in comparison to clonidine in preventing increase in
heart rate and mean arterial pressure in response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation …

Background: Hemodynamic fluctuations in response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation
and their potential hazards have been well-recognized, especially in hypertensive patients …

Background: The laryngotracheal stimulation is known to cause reflex sympathoadrenal
response with a marked increase in heart rate and blood pressure. Arrhythmias can be …

Background: The present study was undertaken to compare and evaluate the efficacy of
intravenous (IV) fentanyl and lignocaine airway nebulization and a combination of both in …