Objectives To determine the effects of low-to-moderate levels of maternal alcohol
consumption in pregnancy on pregnancy and longer-term offspring outcomes. Search …

Objective The aim of this study was to review systematically the available evidence on
studies in humans on the effects of low–moderate levels of prenatal alcohol consumption …

Please cite this paper as: Patra J, Bakker R, Irving H, Jaddoe V, Malini S, Rehm J. Dose–
response relationship between alcohol consumption before and during pregnancy and the …

Background Evidence is conflicting regarding the relationship between low maternal alcohol
consumption and birth outcomes. This paper aimed to investigate the association between …

Issues. The lack of consensus about whether low to moderate levels of prenatal alcohol
exposure are a risk factor for fetal development has generated considerable debate about …

Background: Many pregnant women continue to drink alcohol despite clinical
recommendations and public health campaigns about the risks associated with alcohol use …

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between alcohol consumption and binge
drinking before and during early pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes. METHODS …

PURPOSE: To examine the associations of alcohol consumption in different periods of
pregnancy with the risks of low birth weight and preterm birth. METHODS: This study was …

Purpose To estimate whether low-to-moderate prenatal alcohol exposure is associated with
selected birth outcomes. Methods Low-to-moderate prenatal alcohol drinking and effects on …

Background Current estimates of the rates of alcohol‐exposed pregnancies may
underestimate prenatal alcohol exposure if alcohol consumption in early trimester 1, prior to …