Microrobots have attracted the attention of scientists owing to their unique features to
accomplish tasks in hard-to-reach sites in the human body. Microrobots can be precisely …

This review demonstrates that 4D printing constitutes a key technology to enable significant
advances in microrobotics. Unlike traditional microfabrication techniques, 4D printing …

Microrobots are being explored for biomedical applications, such as drug delivery, biological
cargo transport, and minimally invasive surgery. However, current efforts largely focus on …

Current additive manufacturing, including three-dimensional (3D) and so-called four-
dimensional printing, of soft robotic devices is limited to millimeter sizes. In this study, we …

3D printing (also called “additive manufacturing” or “rapid prototyping”) is able to translate
computer-aided and designed virtual 3D models into 3D tangible constructs/objects through …

The idea of four-dimensional (4D) printing is the formation of intricate stimuli-responsive 3D
architectures that transform into different forms and shapes upon exposure to environmental …

Soft robotics has grown rapidly as an attractive manufacturing technique at
micro/nanoscales, especially in the field of biomedical engineering, due to its mobility and …

Magnetically actuated and controlled mobile micromachines have the potential to be a key
enabler for various wireless lab-on-a-chip manipulations and minimally invasive targeted …

The development of 3D soft‐robotic components is currently hindered by material limitations
associated with conventional 3D printing techniques. To overcome this challenge, an …

Depending on their overall size, sensing and actuation precision, part or tool size, and task
space, robotic systems can be classified as microrobotics or nanorobotics, respectively …