Cholinergic efferent neurons originating in the brainstem innervate the acoustico-lateralis
organs (inner ear, lateral line) of vertebrates. These release acetylcholine (ACh) to inhibit …

Outer hair cells (OHCs) amplify the sound-evoked motion of the basilar membrane to
enhance acoustic sensitivity and frequency selectivity. Medial olivocochlear (MOC) efferents …

Cholinergic neurons of the brainstem olivary complex project to and inhibit outer hair cells
(OHCs), refining acoustic sensitivity of the mammalian cochlea. In all vertebrate hair cells …

Cochlear outer hair cells (OHCs) are remarkable, mechanically-active receptors that
determine the exquisite sensitivity and frequency selectivity characteristic of the mammalian …

The role of the mammalian auditory olivocochlear efferent system in hearing has long been
the subject of debate. Its ability to protect against damaging noise exposure is clear, but …

Mechanosensory hair cells of the vertebrate inner ear are so-called 'short'receptors that
communicate to the central nervous system by way of chemical synapses with afferent …

Olivocochlear efferents allow the central auditory system to adjust the functioning of the
inner ear during active and passive listening. While many aspects of efferent anatomy …

Olivocochlear efferent neurons originate in the brain stem and terminate in the organ of
Corti, thereby allowing the central nervous system to influence the operation of the cochlea …

Synapses between cochlear nerve terminals and hair cells are the most vulnerable
elements in the inner ear in both noise-induced and age-related hearing loss, and this …

Cholinergic brainstem neurones make inhibitory synapses on outer hair cells (OHCs) in the
mature mammalian cochlea and on inner hair cells (IHCs) prior to the onset of hearing. We …