A review of algal (including cyanobacterial) symbionts associated with lichen-forming fungi
is presented. General aspects of their biology relevant to lichen symbioses are summarized …

Not only an invaluable reference to what is known about lichen bionts and their interactions
but also a guide to future studies. Compares various aspects of lichen-forming bionts with …

Lichens are self-supporting and ecologically obligate associations between symbiotic fungi
and green algae and/or cyanobacteria. The term 'cyanolichen'refers to all lichens with …

Lichens are symbiotic associations between certain fungi and photosynthetic organisms
(cyanobacteria and/or algae) resulting in a stable thallus quite distinct from either of the …

Ever since lichens were first recognized as partnerships in the 1860s, there have been
debates as how to interpret the interactions in these associations, including algal slavery by …

Lichens are the symbiotic phenotype of nutritionally specialized fungi that live as
ecologically obligate biotrophs in symbiosis with algal and/or cyano-bacterial photobionts …

Lichens are a symbiotic association comprised of two unrelated organisms, a fungus and an
alga; usually one type of alga (the phycobiont) combines with one type of fungus (the …

Lichens are the classical example of mutualistic symbiosis (de Bary, 1879). The first
researcher to recognise the dual nature of lichens was the Swiss botanist and lichenologist …

Lichens are dual organisms formed from a symbiotic association of a fungus, the mycobiont,
and an alga and/or cyanobacterium, the photobiont, in which numerous photosynthetic cells …

Lichen symbioses comprise a fascinating relationship between algae and fungi. The lichen
symbiotic lifestyle evolved early in the evolution of ascomycetes and is also known from a …