In this review we describe some of the remarkable and intricate mechanisms through which
the calcium ion (Ca 2+) contributes to detection, transduction and synaptic transfer of light …

Vertebrate photoreceptors consist of strictly delimited subcellular domains: the outer
segment, ellipsoid, cell body and synaptic terminal, each hosting crucial cellular functions …

Rod and cone photoreceptors respond to light with distinct sensitivity and kinetics. Recent
biochemical and electrophysiological studies demonstrate that the enzymes of the …

Calcium plays important roles in the function and survival of rod and cone photoreceptor
cells. Rapid regulation of calcium in the outer segments of photoreceptors is required for the …

Cone photoreceptors respond to light with less sensitivity, faster kinetics and adapt over a
much wider range of intensities than do rods. These differences can be explained, in part, by …

Abstract Calcium (Ca 2+) modulates several of the enzymatic pathways that mediate
phototransduction in the outer segments of vertebrate rod photoreceptors. Ca 2+ enters the …

Tonic synapses are specialized for sustained calcium entry and transmitter release, allowing
them to operate in a graded fashion over a wide dynamic range. We identified a novel …

The complex sensation of vision begins with the relatively simple photoisomerization of the
visual pigment chromophore 11‐cis‐retinal to its all‐trans configuration. This event initiates …

This study used imaging and electrophysiological techniques in salamander retinal slices to
correlate Ca2+ and Cl–levels in rods and thus test the hypothesis of a feedback interaction …

Hereditary degeneration of photoreceptors has been linked to over-activation of Ca2+-
permeable channels, excessive Ca2+-influx, and downstream activation of Ca2+-dependent …