Antisense protein of Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type 2 (HTLV-2), also called APH-2,
negatively regulates the HTLV-2 and helps the virus to maintain latency via scheming the …

Unlike HTLV-1, HTLV-2 does not induce leukemia and has been tentatively associated with
an HTLV-1-associated myelopathy-like disorder. It has been reported that HTLV-2/HIV-1 co …

In contrast to HTLV-1 which causes adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL/ATLL) and HTLV-
1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), the role of HTLV-2 in …

The human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) retrovirus family is composed of the well-known
HTLV type 1 (HTLV-1) and HTLV-2 and the most recently discovered HTLV-3 and HTLV-4 …

Background In contrast with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) that causes ATL
(adult T-cell leukemia), HTLV-2 has not been causally linked to malignant disease. The …

The production of antisense transcripts from the 3′ long terminal repeat (LTR) in human T-
lymphotropic retroviruses has now been clearly demonstrated. After the identification of the …

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and HTLV-2 are closely related but
pathogenically distinct human retroviruses. The antisense strand of the HTLV-1 genome …

Elucidation of the mechanism of transcriptional silencing of human immunodeficiency virus
type 1 (HIV-1) provirus in latently infected cells is crucial to understand the pathophysiology …

When tethered to heterologous DNA both Tat and VP16 can activate transcription from the
HIV-1 LTR. To determine if they act by similar mechanisms, we constructed several hybrid …

Co‐infections with HIV‐1 and the human T leukemia virus types 1 and 2 (HTLV‐1, HTLV‐2)
occur frequently, particularly in large metropolitan areas where injection drug use is a …