Background Coronary arteries without focal stenosis at angiography are generally
considered non–flow-limiting. However, atherosclerosis is a diffuse process that often …

INTRODUCTION: The expression “slow coronary flow phenomenon”(SCFP) indicates a slow
progression of the contrast seen at the coronary angiography in the absence of epicardial …

Background Our understanding of human coronary physiological behaviour is derived from
animal models. We sought to describe physiological behaviour across a large collection of …

Background Fractional flow reserve (FFR) aims to identify the extent of epicardial disease,
but may be obscured by involvement of the coronary microvasculature. We documented the …

Background—In chronic ischemic heart disease, focal stenosis, diffuse atherosclerotic
narrowings, and microcirculatory dysfunction (MCD) contribute to limit myocardial flow. The …

Background: Diffuse atherosclerosis is commonly observed in angiographically normal
segments in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). The distribution of …

Background Reduced coronary flow reserve (CFR) in hypercholesterolemic patients without
evidence of ischemia has been reported. However, it remains uncertain whether this …

Background: Coronary microvascular function can be distinctly quantified using the coronary
flow reserve (CFR) and index of microvascular resistance (IMR). Patients with low CFR can …

Background—Both coronary blood flow velocity reserve (CFVR) and myocardial fractional
flow reserve (FFR) are used to evaluate the hemodynamic severity of coronary lesions …

Objective.—Slow coronary flow (SCF) is a phenomenon characterized by delayed
opacification of coronary arteries in the absence of epicardial occlusive disease, in which …