Objectives The corticospinal volley produced by application of transcranial magnetic
stimulation (TMS) over primary motor cortex consists of a number of waves generated by …

Although transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) activates a number of different neuron
types in the cortex, the final output elicited in corticospinal neurones is surprisingly …

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to the primary motor cortex (M1) produces a series
of corticospinal descending waves, with a direct (D) wave followed by several indirect (I) …

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether, and under which conditions, transcranial electrical
stimulation (TES) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can activate similar neuronal …

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the human motor cortex evokes multiple
descending volleys possibly through activation of different elements within the brain. We …

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is one of the most popular non-invasive tools for
investigating the cortical circuits involved in human movement. Stimulation of the primary …

Transcranial static magnetic stimulation (tSMS) modulates cortical excitability probably by
interacting with the GABA-glutamate intracortical balance. Different transcranial magnetic …

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the human motor cortex can produce
long-lasting changes in the excitability of the motor cortex to single pulse transcranial …

In this review we discuss the contribution of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to the
understanding of human motor control. Compound motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) may …

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was initially used to evaluate the integrity of the
corticospinal tract in humans non‐invasively. Since these early studies, the development of …