Alternation between day and night is a predictable environmental fluctuation that organisms
use to time their activities. Since the invention of artificial lighting, this predictability has been …

Animals have evolved with natural patterns of light and darkness, such that light serves as
an important zeitgeber, allowing adaptive synchronization of behavior and physiology to …

Environmental endocrine disruptors (EEDs) are often consequences of human activity;
however, the effects of EEDs are not limited to humans. A primary focus over the past∼ 30 …

Life on earth has evolved during the past several billion years under relatively bright days
and dark nights. Virtually all organisms on the planet display an internal representation of …

The increasing use of electric lights has modified the natural light environment dramatically,
posing novel challenges to both humans and wildlife. Indeed, several biomedical studies …

The present review draws together wide-ranging studies performed over the last decades
that catalogue the effects of artificial-light-at-night (ALAN) upon living species and their …

Artificial light at night (ALAN) is increasing exponentially worldwide, accelerated by the
transition to new efficient lighting technologies. However, ALAN and resulting light pollution …

Natural light cycles are being eroded over large areas of the globe by the direct emissions
and sky brightening that result from sources of artificial night-time light. This is predicted to …

Natural cycles of light and darkness govern the timing of most aspects of animal behavior
and physiology. Artificial light at night (ALAN)—a recent and pervasive form of pollution …

The ecological impacts of nighttime light pollution have been a longstanding source of
concern, accentuated by realized and projected growth in electrical lighting. As human …