Immune checkpoint inhibitors highlight the importance of anticancer immunity. However,
their clinical utility and safety are limited by the low response rates and adverse effects. We …

Background The immunomodulation of the antitumor response driven by immunocheckpoint
inhibitors (ICIs) such as PD-L1 (Programmed Death Ligand-1) monoclonal antibody (α-PD …

Cancer immune checkpoint therapy has achieved remarkable clinical successes in various
cancers. However, current immune checkpoint inhibitors block the checkpoint of not only the …

Immune checkpoint mechanisms are important molecular cell systems that maintain
tolerance toward autoantigens in order to prevent immunity-mediated accidental damage. It …

Although great success has been obtained in the clinic, the current immune checkpoint
inhibitors still face two challenging problems: low response rate and immune-related …

Immune evasion has made ovarian cancer notorious for its refractory features, making the
development of immunotherapy highly appealing to ovarian cancer treatment. The immune …

The use of checkpoint-blockade antibodies is still restricted in several malignancies due to
the modest efficacy, despite considerable success in anti-tumor immunotherapy. The poor …

Blockade of programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) restores T-cell activity and enhances
anti-tumor immunity. Screening a phage-displayed peptide library for peptides that …

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) blocking immune checkpoints such as programmed death
ligand 1 (PD-L1) have yielded strong clinical benefits in many cancer types. Still, the current …

Programmed cell death protein‐1 (PD‐1)/programmed death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) immune
checkpoint blockade as a breakthrough in cancer immunotherapy has shown …