Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder in which gastrointestinal
symptoms may appear prior to motor symptoms. The gut microbiota of patients with …

Parkinson's disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by the
accumulation of misfolded alpha-synuclein protein (Lewy bodies) in dopaminergic neurons …

Several studies have highlighted the roles played by the gut microbiome in central nervous
system diseases. Clinical symptoms and neuropathology have suggested that Parkinson's …

Evidence for a close bidirectional link between the brain and the gut has led to a paradigm
shift in neurology, especially in the case of Parkinson disease (PD), in which gastrointestinal …

In recent years, large-scale metagenomics projects such as the Human Microbiome Project
placed the gut microbiota under the spotlight of research on its role in health and in the …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder arising from an interplay
between genetic and environmental risk factors. Studies have suggested that the …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive and second most prevalent neurological
disorder affecting the motor system. Cardinal motor impairment and α-synucleinopathy are …

This critical review of the literature shows that there is a close link between the microbiome,
the gut, and the brain in Parkinson's disease. The vagus nerve, the main component of the …

Neurodegenerative disease etiology is still unclear, but different contributing factors, such as
lifestyle and genetic factors are involved. Altered components of the gut could play a key role …

Gastrointestinal symptoms and gut dysbiosis may occur before the onset of motor symptoms
in Parkinson's disease (PD). Prediagnostic and prodromal features, such as constipation …