During natural tissue regeneration, tissue microenvironment and stem cell niche including
cell–cell interaction, soluble factors, and extracellular matrix (ECM) provide a train of …

Cells in vivo are situated in a complicated microenvironment composed of diverse
biochemical and biophysical cues. To regulate biological functions of cells, tissues and …

The discovery of piezoelectricity, endogenous electric fields and transmembrane potentials
in biological tissues raised the question whether or not electric fields play an important role …

Regenerative medicine aims to engineer tissue constructs that can recapitulate the
functional and structural properties of native organs. Most novel regenerative therapies are …

Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) are paving the way to the generation
of functional and mature biological tissues that closely emulate cellular, biochemical, and …

Traumatic injuries can lead to large bone defects under extreme conditions, which usually
take a long recovery period, while the prognosis is poor. Endogenous electric field, as one …

Many material systems that can conduct electronic current have been in recent years studied
in the context of tissue engineering. It is suggested that materials that can carry electronic …

Tissue engineering endeavors to regenerate tissues and organs through appropriate
cellular and molecular interactions at biological interfaces. To this aim, bio-mimicking …

The human heart possesses minimal regenerative potential, which can often lead to chronic
heart failure following myocardial infarction. Despite the successes of assistive support …

Electric fields induced by piezoelectric biological materials in humans direct tissue
development, repair and regeneration. Scaffold-based tissue engineering therapies can …