Phytoestrogens (PEs) have estrogen-like activity and were found to lower incidences of
several hormone-dependent cancers. Emerging evidence suggests that estrogen may play …

Background Since several lines of evidence suggest that estrogens may be involved in lung
carcinogenesis, it has been hypothesized that intake of phytoestrogens, similar in molecular …

ContextDespite lung-specific in vitro and in vivo studies that support a chemopreventive role
for phytoestrogens, there has been little epidemiologic research focused on dietary intake of …

Estrogen plays a crucial role in ovarian tumorigenesis. Phytoestrogens (PEs) are a type of
daily dietary nutrient for humans and possess a mild estrogenic characteristic. This study …

Purpose Experimental studies suggest that phytoestrogen intake alters cancer and
cardiovascular risk. This study investigated the associations of urinary phytoestrogens with …

For the past two decades, epidemiologists have observed lower risks of lung, breast,
prostate, colon, and other cancers in populations that frequently consume fruits and …

Background: Lung cancer exhibits unique patterns among women including high
adenocarcinoma rates among nonsmokers. Inconsistent findings about hormonal factors on …

Lung cancer among nonsmokers has emerged as a distinct clinicopathologic entity for which
the etiology is still poorly understood, but which accounts for a significant proportion of the …

Dietary phytoestrogens are suggested to reduce the risk of prostate and colorectal cancer,
but the results of epidemiologic studies have not yielded consistent support for this proposed …

Purpose Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women. The
role of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in lung cancer development is unclear. Patients …