Functional hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (FHH) is an increasingly frequent condition,
whose pathological mechanisms are not yet fully clarified. The concept of FHH has now …

Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH), or secondary hypogonadism, is a clinical condition
due to an impairment of the pituitary function, characterized by low testosterone plasma …

Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) is a group of rare developmental
disorders characterized by low gonadotropin levels in the face of low sex steroid hormone …

Reproductive function depends upon an operational hypothalamo–pituitary–gonadal (HPG)
axis. Due to its role in determining survival versus reproductive strategies, the HPG axis is …

This narrative review summarizes key points of the pathogenesis and diagnosis of the
ageing-related decline of testosterone (T) in men. The condition is commonly termed late …

IHH is a heterogeneous disorder. The complex genetics and interaction with environmental
factors likely underlie the variable expressivity of the reproductive and nonreproductive …

Multiple metabolic and inflammatory mechanisms are considered the determinants of
acquired functional isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) in males, whereas …

Background Evidence regarding functional hypogonadism, previously referred to as 'late‐
onset'hypogonadism, has increased substantially during the last 10 year. Objective To …

Context Calorie restriction and overtraining are increasingly seen in young men who suffer
from increasing societal pressure to attain a perceived ideal male body image. The resulting …

Introduction In the last few years, a view that subclinical endocrine disorders represent
milder forms of the clinically overt disease has emerged. Accordingly, it has been proposed …