Introduction: There is still no general method for discriminating between benign and
malignant leukoplakia and identifying vocal fold leukoplakia. Objective: To evaluate the …

Background Vocal cord leukoplakia comprises a variety of lesions. The purpose of this study
was to stratify vocal leukoplakias before surgery. Methods Patients with an initial diagnosis …

Objective. To assess the effectiveness and identify vocal fold leukoplakia types appropriate
for nonsurgical treatment. Methods. The vocal fold leukoplakia in 178 patients was divided …

Background We aimed to investigate possible causes of leukoplakia and squamous cell
carcinoma. We particularly sought to characterize the effect of smoking history because …

Objectives/Hypothesis Vocal cord leukoplakia is a clinical diagnosis that comprises a
spectrum of benignities, premalignancies, and malignancies. Accurate recordings of the …

Objective: To provide a reference for classification and treatment of vocal cords leukoplakia.
Methods: 640 cases of patients with vocal cords leukoplakia were divided into three groups …

Vocal fold leukoplakia is the clinical term for a whitish patch on the vocal fold mucosa. It is
caused by prolonged tobacco smoking, consumption of alcohol, and excessive drying or …

Objectives: The nature and interpretation of vocal fold leukoplakia has been limited by small
study sizes. The present study reviewed institutional data and the published literature to …

Objective To explore biomarkers that are candidates for understanding potential
degeneration to malignancy of vocal fold leukoplakia (VFL), with the goal of guiding future …

The aim of this study was to define the predictive risk factors of vocal cord leukoplakia
recurrence and malignant transformation. From January 2009 to December 2013, 63 …