Memory T cell responses have been demonstrated in COVID-19 convalescents, but ex vivo
phenotypes of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells have been unclear. We detected SARS-CoV-2 …

Memory T cells contribute to rapid viral clearance during re-infection, but the longevity and
differentiation of SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T cells remain unclear. Here we conduct ex …

In addition to CD4+ T cells and neutralizing antibodies, CD8+ T cells contribute to protective
immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID …

Emerging data indicate that SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cells targeting different viral
proteins are detectable in up to 70% of convalescent individuals,,,–. However, very little …

The contribution of CD4+ T cells to protective or pathogenic immune responses to SARS-
CoV-2 infection remains unknown. Here, we present single-cell transcriptomic analysis of> …

CD4+ T cells reactive against SARS-CoV-2 can be found in unexposed individuals, and
these are suggested to arise in response to common cold coronavirus (CCCoV) infection …

T-cell immunity is important for recovery from COVID-19 and provides heightened immunity
for re-infection. However, little is known about the SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell immunity in …

There is limited information on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐
CoV‐2) T‐cell immune responses in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) …

CD4+ T cells are central to long-term immunity against viruses through the functions of T
helper 1 (TH1) and T follicular helper (TFH) cell subsets. To better understand the role of …

Background Characterizing the longevity and quality of cellular immune responses to severe
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) enhances understanding of …