Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a main cause of lower back pain, leading to
psychological and economic burdens to patients. Physical therapy only delays pain in …

Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most frequent symptoms associated with intervertebral
disc degeneration (IDD) and affects more than 80% of the population, with strong …

A common surgical disease, intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), is increasing at an
alarming rate in younger individuals. Repairing damaged intervertebral discs (IVDs) and …

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) has been reported to be the most prevalent
contributor to low back pain, posing a significant strain on the healthcare systems on a …

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a common cause of lower back pain (LBP), which
burdens individuals and society as a whole. IVDD occurs as a result of aging, mechanical …

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degenerative diseases are a common problem in the world, and
they cause substantial social and economic burdens for people. The current methods for …

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is the leading cause of low back pain related to
degradation of cartilaginous tissues, mainly resulting from oxidative stress, cell apoptosis …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid membrane particles carrying proteins, lipids, DNA, and
various types of RNA that are involved in intercellular communication. EVs derived from …

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles formed by various donor cells that regulate gene
expression and cellular function in recipient cells. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal …

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degenerative disease is a common health problem worldwide.
Administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) …