The motor features of Parkinson's disease (PD) are well known to manifest only when striatal
dopaminergic deficit reaches 60–70%. Thus, PD has a long pre-symptomatic and pre-motor …

This paper provides an overview of the compensatory mechanisms which come into action
during experimental and human parkinsonism. The intrinsic properties of the dopaminergic …

Ascertaining which changes in brain activation in Parkinson's disease are, in fact,
compensatory represents a serious challenge. Compensatory mechanisms have been …

The symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) appear only after substantial degeneration of the
dopaminergic neuron system (eg an 80% depletion of striatal dopamine)–that is, there is a …

Many clinical disorders tend not to emerge until later life. Huntington's disease, for example,
usually is not diagnosed until at least the fifth decade, Parkinson's the sixth, and Alzheimer's …

The severity of dopamine depletion and the consequent pathophysiologic changes that
occur in basal ganglia circuits determine the severity of parkinsonian signs. Restoring the …

The behavior of neurons in the basal ganglia is severely disrupted in Parkinson's disease
(PD). In nonhuman parkinsonian primate models, the disturbance in neurons in basal …

Parkinson disease (PD) is a disorder with a substantive period before the emergence of
motor symptoms, during which significant dopaminergic neuronal loss is counterbalanced …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex, multi-system neurodegenerative disorder. The
second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease, it affects …

Activity-dependent modifications in synaptic efficacy, such as long-term depression (LTD)
and long-term potentiation (LTP), represent key cellular substrates for adaptive motor control …