There is increasing recognition that environmental exposure to chemicals, such as
endocrine-disruptive chemicals (EDCs), contributes to the development of breast cancer …

ABSTRACT A framework for understanding the complexity of cancer development was
established by Hanahan and Weinberg in their definition of the hallmarks of cancer. In this …

Background: Xenoestrogens are synthetic compounds that mimic endogenous estrogens by
binding to and activating estrogen receptors. Exposure to estrogens and to some …

Parabens are a group of substances commonly employed as preservatives, mainly in
personal care products, pharmaceuticals and food. Scientific reports concerning their …

Parabens, alkyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, are widely used in cosmetics,
pharmaceuticals, personal care products and as food additives to inhibit microbial growth …

Numerous studies have shown that widely used parabens possess estrogenic properties. In
the present study, we examined the effects of methyl-, propyl-and butylparaben on the …

This article is a discussion of the recent study by Barr, Metaxas, Harbach, Savoy and Darbre
(2012; J. Appl. Toxicol. 32; doi: 10.1002/jat. 1786) reporting residues of five paraben esters …

This toxicology update reviews research over the past four years since publication in 2004 of
the first measurement of intact esters of p‐hydroxybenzoic acid (parabens) in human breast …

Parabens (4-hydroxybenzoic acid esters) have been recently reported to have oestrogenic
activity in yeast cells and animal models. Since the human population is exposed to …

Parabens are preservatives used in a variety of personal care, cosmetic, pharmaceutical
and food products. Studies have confirmed the ubiquitous presence of parabens, with levels …