Cytokines play an important role in the pathology associated with chronic inflammatory
diseases. We measured the total amounts [picograms (pg)] and concentrations (pg/μl) of …

Recent in vitro findings indicate that cytokines represent an important pathway of connective
tissue destruction in human periodontitis. The biological effects of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and …

The concentration of interleukin‐1β is elevated in inflamed gingival tissue. Therefore a
method for the measurement of interleukin‐1β (Il‐1β) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) using …

Figueredo CM, Brito F, Barros FC, Menegat JSB, Pedreira RR, Fischer RG, Gustafsson A.
Expression of cytokines in the gingival crevicular fluid and serum from patients with …

Objective To investigate the hypothesis that levels of interferon (IFN)‐γ and interleukin (IL)‐
4, as well as the newer cytokines IL‐33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), in gingival …

Background: Various cytokines have been identified at sites of chronic inflammation such as
periodontitis. Cytokines are synthesized in response to bacteria and their products, inducing …

Samples of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were harvested from sites manifesting features
characteristic of active disease including inflammation, periodontal attachment loss, and …

We have estimated the levels of Interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β) by ELISA in gingival crevicular
fluid (GCF) at 58 sites from 37 patients with adult periodontitis. GCF was collected for 5 s on …

Interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1ra) and interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) were detected in gingival
crevicular fluid (GCF) by an immunochemical method. However, we could not detect IL‐4 in …

Introduction: Cytokines are of major importance in periodontal disease progression.
Interleukin‐12 (IL‐12) stimulates interferon‐γ production by T helper type 1 (Th1) cells while …