Of the 12 million people who inject drugs worldwide, 13% live with HIV. Whether opioid use
impacts HIV pathogenesis and latency is an outstanding question. To gain insight into …

While there is an emerging consensus that engagement of the Mu opioid receptor by opioids
may modulate various stages the HIV life cycle (eg: increasing cell susceptibility to infection …

People with HIV are more likely to have opioid use disorder and to be prescribed opioids for
chronic pain than the general population; however, the effects of opioids on the immune …

Objective: Many persons with opioid use disorders (OUDs) have HIV disease and
experience clinically significant stress after they enroll in abstinence-based treatment and …

Background Opioids may have effects on susceptibility to HIV-infection, viral replication and
disease progression. Injecting drug users (IDU), as well as anyone receiving opioids for …

Background Opioid use disorder (OUD) negatively impacts the HIV continuum of care for
persons living with HIV (PLH). Medication treatment for OUD (MOUD) may have differential …

Opioid withdrawal recurs at high rates in opioid use disorder and compromises the immune
system. In general, there are two types of opioid withdrawal: abrupt withdrawal (AW) and …

HIV persists in cellular reservoirs despite effective anti-retroviral therapy with rebound of
viremia upon therapy interruption. Opioids modulate the immune system and suppress …

The transmission and progression of the human retroviruses HIV-1 and HTLV-1/2 can be
most likely influenced by a variety of “lifestyle cofactors” which includes the use of certain …

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) persists in cellular reservoirs despite effective
combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), and there is viremia flare-up upon therapy …