In recent years many efforts have been undertaken to elucidate the complex interactions
between mediators of the endocrine system and the immune system. The main effector of …

Abstract interactions between growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (iGF-1), and
the immune system are complex, bidirectional, but not fully explained. Current reviews …

This topically limited review explores the relationship between the immune system and
insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II) and the proteins through which they act …

During the past decade, the immune and endocrine systems have been discovered to
interact in controlling physiologic processes as diverse as cell growth and differentiation …

Abstract Interleukin-1, an inflammatory cytokine, is considered to have diverse physiological
functions and pathological significances and play an important role in health and disease. In …

Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) can modulate the development
and function of the immune system. In this chapter, we present data on the expression of …

Both starvation and sepsis are characterized by growth hormone (GH) insensitivity, which
leads to a reduction in circulating insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I. Because of the anabolic …

There is vast body of evidence that the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I exerts
immunomodulatory effects in vitro and in vivo. In vitro studies indicate that stimulatory effects …

In sepsis and trauma, pathogens and injured tissue provoke a systemic inflammatory
reaction which can lead to overwhelming inflammation. Concurrent with the innate …

IFN-γ is an extraordinarily pleotropic cytokine. It can not only heighten both the innate and
adaptive immune response against pathogens and tumors, but also has the ability to …