Blockade of the immune checkpoint PD-1/PD-L1 with monoclonal antibodies demonstrated
unprecedented clinical efficacies in many cancers. But the orally available low molecular …

Background Immunotherapy using checkpoint inhibitors, especially PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors,
has now evolved into the most promising therapy for cancer patients. However, most of …

Immunotherapy has revolutionized the therapeutic modalities of cancer treatment but is
severely limited by a low objective response rate and the risk of immune-related side effects …

Although immune checkpoint inhibition has been shown to effectively activate antitumor
immunity in various tumor types, only a small subset of patients can benefit from PD-1/PD-L1 …

Recently, inhibiting the PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint pathway utilizing anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1
antibodies has achieved great clinical success in cancer treatment. However, anti-PD-1 …

Peptides have potential to be developed into immune checkpoint inhibitors, but the target
interfaces are difficult to inhibit. Here, we explored an approach to mimic the binding surface …

Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 are critical for the regulation of
T cell exhaustion and activity suppression. Tumor cells expressing immune checkpoints …

Background: The recent regulatory approvals of immune checkpoint protein inhibitors, such
as ipilimumab, pembrolizumab, nivolumab, atezolizumab, durvalumab, and avelumab …

The combination of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and chemotherapy has shown
significant potential in the clinical treatment of various cancers. However, circulating …

Immune checkpoint blockade has displayed substantial anti-tumor resistance in a variety of
forms of cancer, but the fundamental regulation role remains unclear, and several questions …