Endothelial cells (ECs) are an important component of the tumor microenvironment, playing
key roles in tumor development and progression that span from angiogenesis to immune …

In recent years, biologists and clinicians have witnessed prominent advances in in vitro 3D
culture techniques related to biomimetic human/animal tissue analogs. Numerous data have …

Currently there is an effort toward the development of in vitro cancer models more predictive
of clinical efficacy. The onset of advanced analytical tools and imaging technologies has …

Nanomedicine has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach, but its translation to the
clinic has been hindered by the lack of cellular models to anticipate how tumor cells will …

Recapitulating the tumor microenvironment is a central challenge in the development of
experimental model for cancer. To provide a reliable tool for drug development and for …

Malignant tumors are complex tissues composed of malignant cells, vascular cells, structural
mesenchymal cells including pericytes and carcinoma-associated fibroblasts, infiltrating …

Tumour spheroids are common in vitro experimental models of avascular tumour growth.
Compared with traditional two-dimensional culture, tumour spheroids more closely mimic …

This study addresses the demand for research models that can support patient-treatment
decisions and clarify the complexities of a tumor microenvironment by developing an …

Spheroids can be used as building-blocks for bottom-up generation of artificial vascular
beds, but current biofabrication strategies are often time-consuming and complex. Also, pre …

Abstract Background Three-dimensional (3-D) cultures of cancer cells can potentially bridge
the gap between 2-D drug screening and in vivo xenografts. The objective of this study was …