Toxic effects of both essential and non‐essential heavy metals are well documented in
plants. Very little is known, however, about their modes of toxicity, about tolerance …

Over the past 200 years emissions of toxic heavy metals have risen tremendously and
significantly exceed those from natural sources for practically all metals. Uptake and …

Heavy metal contamination of soil and water causing toxicity/stress has become one
important constraint to crop productivity and quality. This situation has further worsened by …

Trace metal elements are essential for plant growth but become toxic at high concentrations,
while some non-essential elements, such as Cd and As, show toxicity even in traces. Thus …

Arabidopsis halleri ssp. halleri (accession Langelsheim) is a naturally selected zinc (Zn)‐
and cadmium‐tolerant Zn hyperaccumulator. This plant differs strikingly from its close …

Heavy metals are naturally occurring in the earth's crust but anthropogenic and industrial
activities have led to drastic environmental pollutions in distinct areas. Plants are able to …

Understanding of molecular mechanisms of heavy metal (HM) tolerance is an important
issue in plant biology because HM contamination has become a potential risk for modern …

Heavy metal concentrations exceeding permissible limits threaten human life, plant life, and
all other life forms. Different natural and anthropogenic activities emit toxic heavy metals in …

Background, aim, and scope Trace elements (heavy metals and metalloids) are important
environmental pollutants, and many of them are toxic even at very low concentrations …

Heavy metals are an interesting group of trace elements (TEs). Some of them are minutely
required for normal plant growth and development, while others have unknown biological …