Insect life cycles are adapted to a seasonal climate by expressing alternative voltinism
phenotypes—the number of generations in a year. Variation in voltinism phenotypes along …

Climate change can cause major changes to the dynamics of individual species and to
those communities in which they interact. One effect of increasing temperatures is on insect …

Abstract Changes in the seasonal timing of recurring biological events are considered to be
a major component of the global “fingerprint” of climate change. One effect of these changes …

Changes in the number of generations per year (voltinism) have been among the most
common phenological responses to climate warming in insects inhabiting seasonal …

Temperature influences the rate of most biological processes. Nonlinearities in the thermal
reaction norms of such processes complicate intuitive predictions of how ectothermic …

Many temperate insects take advantage of longer growing seasons at lower latitudes by
increasing their generation number or voltinism. In some insects, development time abruptly …

Ectotherms, such as insects, experience non-constant temperatures in nature. Daily mean
temperatures can be derived from the daily maximum and minimum temperatures. However …

Species that span large latitudinal gradients face strong differences in voltinism and in
winter conditions within their range. Latitudinal gradients in winter survival and especially …

Insect phenology consists of the timing of life events, as well as the number of generations
(voltinism). While several studies have focused on the impact of climate on the timing of …

Energy metabolism is a fundamental property of life providing the energy for all processes
and functions within an organism. As it is temperature-dependent, it mediates the effects of …