Cells are organized on length scales ranging from ångström to micrometres. However, the
mechanisms by which ångström-scale molecular properties are translated to micrometre …

Biomolecular condensates concentrate macromolecules into foci without a surrounding
membrane. Many condensates appear to form through multivalent interactions that drive …

Clustering of proteins into micrometer-sized structures at membranes is observed in many
signaling pathways. Most models of clustering are specific to particular systems, and …

The organization of membranes, the cytosol, and the nucleus of eukaryotic cells can be
controlled through phase separation of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Collective …

Communication between cells assumes particular importance in multicellular organisms.
The growth, migration and differentiation of cells in the embryo, and their organization into …

The glomerular filtration barrier in the kidney is formed in part by a specialized intercellular
junction known as the slit diaphragm, which connects adjacent actin-based foot processes of …

Two fundamental principles can account for how regulated networks of interacting proteins
originated in cells. These are the law of mass action, which holds that the binding of one …

The process by which extracellular signals are relayed from the plasma membrane to
specific intracellular sites is an essential facet of cellular regulation. Many signaling …

Intracellular bodies such as nucleoli, Cajal bodies and various signalling assemblies
represent membraneless organelles, or condensates, that form via liquid–liquid phase …

Understanding cell motility will require detailed knowledge not only of the localization of
signalling networks regulating actin polymerization, but also of their dynamics …