The human T‐cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV‐1) and HTLV‐2 are common
copathogens among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)‐infected individuals. HTLV‐2 …

Retroviral co-infections with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) and human T cell
leukaemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) or type 2 (HTLV-2) are prevalent in many areas worldwide …

Leukocytes of persons coinfected with HTLV-2 and HIV-1 secrete chemokines that prevent
CCR5-dependent (R5) HIV-1 infection of CD4+ T cells and macrophages, with HTLV-2 …

Recent data provide evidence that co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1
(HIV-1) and human T lymphotropic virus type 2 (HTLV-2) delays progression to AIDS …

CCR5 is the main HIV co-receptor. We aimed to (1) compare CCR5 expression on immune
cells between people living with HIV (PLHIV) using combination antiretroviral therapy …

The identification of chemokine receptors as necessary co-receptors for HIV entry into target
cells represented a breakthrough in the understanding of the pathogenesis of this viral …

The chemokine (CC motif) chemokine ligand 18 (CCL18) is a structural homolog of CCL3
primarily produced by monocyte-derived cells with an M2 phenotype. Elevated levels of …

Both host and viral factors are associated with HIV-1 susceptibility and disease progression.
Host factors can typically be divided into three categories (Chatterjee, 2010): 1) genes …

The effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on the expression of CCR5 and
CXCR4 HIV coreceptors and the production of the [beta]-chemokines regulated upon …

Background. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)–infected women have lower
viral loads than men but similar rates of disease progression. We hypothesized that sex …