The internal vibrations of molecules drive the structural transformations that underpin
chemistry and cellular function. While vibrational frequencies are measured by …

Visualizing individual molecules with chemical recognition is a longstanding target in
catalysis, molecular nanotechnology and biotechnology. Molecular vibrations provide a …

The ability to visualize directly a large number of distinct molecular species inside cells is
increasingly essential for understanding complex systems and processes. Even though …

The selective excitation of molecular vibrations provides a means to directly influence the
speed and outcome of chemical reactions. Such mode-selective chemistry has traditionally …

The creation of a photon–atom bound state was first envisaged for the case of an atom in a
long-lived excited state inside a high-quality microwave cavity,. In practice, however, light …

Watching a single molecule move on its intrinsic timescale has been one of the central goals
of modern nanoscience, and calls for measurements that combine ultrafast temporal …

The active steering of the pathways taken by chemical reactions and the optimization of
energy conversion processes,, provide striking examples of the coherent control of quantum …

The ability to cool and manipulate atoms with light has yielded atom interferometry, precision
spectroscopy, Bose–Einstein condensates and atom lasers. The extension of controlled …

Scanning probe techniques can leverage atomically precise forces to sculpt matter at
surfaces, atom by atom. These forces have been applied quasi-statically to create surface …

The energy-level structure of a quantum system, which has a fundamental role in its
behaviour, can be observed as discrete lines and features in absorption and emission …