A progressive waning in Foxp3+ regulatory T cell (Treg) functions is thought to provoke
autoimmunity in the NOD model of type 1 diabetes (T1D). A deficiency in IL-2 is one of the …

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) occurs through a breakdown of self-tolerance resulting in the
autoimmune destruction of the insulin producing β-islets of the pancreas. A numerical and …

NOD mice spontaneously develop insulin‐dependent diabetes around 10–40 wk of age.
Numerous immune gene variants contribute to the autoimmune process. However, genes …

The ICOS pathway has been implicated in the development and functions of regulatory T
(Treg) cells, including those producing IL-10. Treg cell–derived IL-10 is indispensable for the …

Initiation of diabetes in NOD mice can be mediated by the costimulatory signals received by
T cells. The ICOS is found on Ag-experienced T cells where it acts as a potent regulator of T …

Abstract CD4+ CD25+ T regulatory cells (Tregs) prevent autoimmune disease, yet little is
known about precisely where they exert their influence naturally in a spontaneous …

Islet allografts are subject to alloimmune and autoimmune destruction when transplanted
into autoimmune prone animals or humans. The ICOS-B7h pathway plays a role in …

Costimulatory molecules like ICOS are crucial in mediating T cell differentiation and function
after allergen contact and thereby strongly affect the immunologic decision between …

B cells constitute abundant cellular components in inflamed human tissues, but their role in
pathogenesis of inflammatory T helper (TH) subsets is still unclear. Here, we demonstrate …

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a critical cytokine for the homeostasis and function of forkhead box p3–
expressing regulatory T cells (Foxp3+ Tregs). Dysregulation of the IL-2–IL-2 receptor axis is …