Despite years of research, our understanding of the mechanisms by which inflammation
induces depression is still limited. As clinical data points to a strong association between …

This article is part of a Special Issue “Neuroendocrine-Immune Axis in Health and Disease.”
Upregulation of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) by proinflammatory cytokines has been …

Background Activation of the tryptophan degrading enzyme indoleamine-2, 3-dioxygenase 1
(IDO1) is associated with the development of behavioral signs of depression. Systemic …

Although elevated activity of the tryptophan-degrading enzyme indoleamine 2, 3-
dioxygenase (IDO) has been proposed to mediate comorbid depression in inflammatory …

Background Transient stimulation of the innate immune system by an intraperitoneal
injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activates peripheral and central expression of the …

Depression is often preceded by exposure to stressful life events. Chronic stress causes
perturbations in the immune system, and up-regulates production of proinflammatory …

Although the tryptophan-degrading enzyme, indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO), is a
pivotal mediator of inflammation-induced depression, its mechanism of regulation has not …

There is a lack of information concerning the molecular events underlying the depressive-
like effect of an intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin (ICV-STZ) in mice. The …

In humans, depression is often associated with low-grade inflammation, activation of the
tryptophan/kynurenine pathway, and mild lymphopenia. Preclinical research confirms that …

Chronic pain frequently co-occurs with major depressive disorder but the mechanisms are
poorly understood. We investigated the contribution of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase-1 …