Result revealed the increased of energy value up to 22.4 MJ/kg for torrefied samples,
whereby from proximate analysis mark the increased of fixed carbon percentage whilst …

This study describes the properties of torrefied palm kernel shell (PKS) by conventional and
microwave irradiation (MI) pretreatment. In conventional pretreatment, the untreated PKS …

Torrefaction is a pre-treatment in thermochemical processes in order to make biomass
becomes fuel with better properties, such as the increasing of carbon content and caloric …

A sequential pre-treatment of demineralization and torrefaction, was carried out on palm
empty fruit bunches (EFB). EFB and demineralized EFB (DEFB) were torrefied in a vertical …

This paper describes the effect of torrefaction on the characteristics of empty fruit bunches
(EFB) and palm kernel shell (PKS). The torrefaction of EFB and PKS was investigated in a …

The implementation of microwave technology in palm oil processing offers numerous
advantages; besides elimination of polluted palm oil mill effluent, it also reduces energy …

The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of using various power level and different
ratio of fruit to water in microwave sterilizer in order to acquire the shortest time of the fruit to …

Torrefaction of oil palm kernel shell (PKS), one of the biomass residues from the palm oil
industry, was carried out in a fixed-bed tubular reactor in the presence of oxygen and carbon …

Torrefaction of coffee beans is a practicable way of producing various coffee products.
Considering the fact that the variation of atmosphere media in biomass torrefaction results in …

The bulkiness of the fresh fruit bunches (FFB) cause ineffectiveness of heat distribution into
the inner layers of the fruits and simultaneously led to poor palm oil quality. Thus, this …