Inflammatory cytokines are important for both cardiovascular scientists and practicing
clinicians. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been emphasized by reports of elevated circulating as …

Clinical studies have shown that circulating levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and other IL-6 related
cytokines are increased in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). Plasma IL-6 …

Background Elevated interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels are present in patients with New York Heart
Association (NYHA) class III and IV congestive heart failure (CHF) and are associated with a …

Patients with heart failure (HF) have enhanced systemic IL-1 activity, and, in the
experimental mouse model, IL-1 induces left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction. Whether …

Objectives. We 1) evaluated whether interleukin-6 (IL-6) is produced in the peripheral
circulation in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), 2) estimated the factors for …

The process of inflammation and immune response is regulated by proinflammatory
cytokines. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), one of the proinflammatory cytokines, plays a potentially …

Background: Proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor [alpha] play an
important role in the pathophysiology of CHF. However, the mechanisms of immune …

Aims Inflammation is a central process in the pathophysiology of heart failure (HF), but trials
targeting tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α were largely unsuccessful. Interleukin (IL)‐6 is an …

Objectives: The study objective was to assess the cardiac expression of interleukin‐6 (IL6)
and its receptor (IL6R) in advanced heart failure. Background: While IL6 plasma levels are …

The prevalance of congestive heart failure and its continued poor prognosis despite
presently available therapeutic options emphasize the importance of pursuing the …