Aims/hypothesis. To assess the relation between glycaemic control in early pregnancy and
the risk of congenital malformations in offspring of mothers with Type I (insulin-dependent) …

Background. The prevention of congenital malformations in the newborns of diabetic
mothers still constitutes one of the main problems in this group of patients. Aim. The aim of …

Objective: To test the hypothesis that women with insulin-dependent (type I) diabetes have a
threshold of glycemic control in early pregnancy for increased risks of spontaneous abortion …

Objective. This study aimed to identify risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)
and assess the effects of GDM on the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Material and …

Background: Diabetes type 1 is associated with an increased risk for infant congenital
malformations. It is debated whether this is true also at gestational diabetes. Aims: To study …

The relationship between the level of hemoglobin A1 (Hb A1) in the first trimester and major
malformations and spontaneous abortions was examined in 303 insulin‐requiring diabetic …

Objectives: Our aim was to determine risk factors for congenital malformations in offspring of
women with hyperglycemia first detected during pregnancy (ie, women with gestational …

Background Glycaemic control in women with diabetes is critical to satisfactory pregnancy
outcome. A systematic review of two randomised trials concluded that there was no clear …

Aim To determine the frequency of major congenital anomalies in the offspring of women
with gestational diabetes (GDM), classified according to their postpartum glucose tolerance …

Objective To examine the association between maternal type 1 diabetes and the risk of
major birth defects according to levels of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C) within three …